Where is marburg found

The Ebola control systems in place in Guinea and in neighbouring countries are proving crucial to the emergency response to the Marburg virus. Marburg is transmitted to people from fruit bats and spreads among humans through direct contact with the bodily fluids of infected people, surfaces and materials. Illness begins abruptly, with high fever, severe headache and malaise. Many patients develop severe haemorrhagic signs within seven days. Although there are no vaccines or antiviral treatments approved to treat the virus, supportive care — rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids — and treatment of specific symptoms, improves survival.

See the History of Outbreaks table for a chronological list of known cases and outbreaks. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link.

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The Egyptian Rousette bat has been confirmed as a reservoir host species of Marburg virus. This was done through surveillance and follow-up experimental infections in a laboratory to investigate disease development in a controlled environment.

When these bats are infected they do not show signs of disease but can transmit it to humans and other animals, where it is sometimes fatal. Specific high-risk infection periods have been identified in bat populations, and birthing periods during the summer are reported to be a driver.

These pulses coincided with the timing of human infections in Uganda. The Egyptian Rousette bat lives in caves or mines, and outbreaks have been linked to gold mining activities and entering caves with potential contact with bat faecal excretions or aerosols.

The geographical range where Marburg virus has been detected in bats is more widespread than recorded human outbreaks and they coincide with the presence of the Egyptian Rousette fruit bat. Studies in West Africa have been very limited. Wildlife surveillance is severely lacking on several levels including collection of samples.

Diagnostic capacity to test for these types of viruses is also lacking. The same is true for detecting disease in humans especially when only a few cases occur and in very remote areas. From our knowledge of the epidemiology of the virus, it will be present wherever this bat species occurs.